What is the purpose of performing sentinel lymph node biopsy during breast cancer surgery?

• A. To assess metastasis without removing many lymph nodes.
• B. To remove all lymph nodes.
• C. To deliver brachytherapy seeds.
• D. To assess response to chemotherapy.

Answer: (A)

The purpose of sentinel lymph node biopsy during breast cancer surgery is to determine whether cancer has spread to the lymphatic system while limiting how many lymph nodes are removed. The sentinel node is the first lymph node that drains the tumor area, so checking it helps stage the cancer with minimal surgical disruption. If this node is cancer-free, it’s unlikely that other axillary nodes are involved, allowing the surgeon to avoid removing many nodes and reducing risks like lymphedema and nerve injury. If cancer is found in the sentinel node, further evaluation or treatment of additional nodes may be considered. This procedure is not about delivering therapy, removing all lymph nodes, or assessing chemotherapy response.