Which medical conditions predispose a patient to chronic renal failure?

• A. Diabetes, increased age, and hypertension
• B. Asthma and allergies
• C. Hyperthyroidism
• D. Young age

Answer: (A)

Long-term kidney function declines most when there are factors that gradually damage the kidneys. Diabetes causes diabetic nephropathy, where high blood sugar damages the tiny filtering units and leads to progressive loss of filtration. Hypertension stresses the kidneys' blood vessels, causing nephrosclerosis and scarring that reduce GFR over time. Age matters because kidney function naturally declines with aging and the cumulative exposure to risk factors increases the chance of developing chronic kidney disease. Taken together, diabetes, increased age, and hypertension are the strongest, well-established risk factors for chronic renal failure. The other conditions listed—respiratory allergies, hyperthyroidism, and being young—do not by themselves predispose to chronic kidney disease.