Which statement demonstrates proper hand hygiene when caring for a patient?

• A. Wash hands with soap and water if hands are visibly dirty
• B. Alcohol-based sanitizer is sufficient even when hands are visibly dirty
• C. Avoid washing hands after touching the patient
• D. Wear gloves and never wash hands

Answer: (A)

Hand hygiene decisions hinge on the cleanliness of the hands and the task at hand. When hands are visibly dirty or contaminated with body fluids, wash with soap and water. This physically removes dirt and microbes, including organisms that sanitizers may not eliminate. Alcohol-based hand sanitizers are effective for routine decontamination when hands are not visibly dirty, but they don’t remove soil and may be less effective after contact with spore-forming organisms or heavy contamination. After touching a patient or their surroundings, you should clean your hands—gloves are not a substitute for handwashing. Gloves protect you and the patient, but hands must be washed before donning gloves and after removing them to maintain hygiene.